By Margaret Mills

We own a tree farm in southern Clackamas county. The annual timber harvest provides a modest income, but ours is a family partnership with multiple households and we have sought additional sources of revenue in order to benefit more family members, leading us to research various non-timber forest products. These have included foraged wild foods, herbs for medicinal use, craft and floral products, as well as firewood and other traditional ventures. We found the economic potential varies from little “side hustles,” to businesses that could, potentially, rival the sale of timber from our property.

Cones were not a new product for us. In the 1950’s and 60’s our family collected Douglas fir cones to sell for seed, but seedlings for reforestation are produced differently now, and seed-cones are no longer the market they were. My adult daughter and I recently began experimenting with marketing forest craft and floral products. In addition to selling boughs for holiday décor through the Oregon Woodlands Cooperative, we decided to add Douglas fir cones to our list of potential craft products. Fir cones are easily accessible, crunching underfoot on most walks through the property and littering the driveway near the house.

We collected a few hundred cones in a relatively short time, and learned to divest them of bugs and dirt by washing them in a sink of warm water with a little mild soap and a dash of vinegar, then drying them at a very low temperature (200?F) in the oven for a half hour. Cones close up when subjected to water, so ours were left to dry and open completely for another week or so in a cardboard box or on our improvised “drying trays,” (cookie sheets commandeered from the kitchen). We listed the best of the dried cones for sale in bulk lots in our Etsy shop. While waiting for orders we foraged for other species on our property and brought home hundreds of tiny hemlock cones. We also have stands of young Ponderosa Pine but did not believe they were producing cones. Upon closer inspection, to our delight, we found a bounty of beautiful pinecones hiding like Easter eggs in the tall grass beneath the trees. We also visited a cluster of White Pine deep in the forest resulting in a large tote of long White Pine cones. All but the White Pine were cleaned, dried and listed in the Etsy store for sale to crafters.

However, we had chosen to market craft items because we love to create, so while we waited for the orders to start pouring in, we began experimenting with our stock.  We learned to bleach some of the cones, turning them into a soft off-white or beige color, we cut cones apart to make faux “flowers,” and we began (couldn’t help ourselves) making things, including wreaths. We discovered wreaths made of pine or fir cones are popular in a rustic or shabby chic style of décor. One design in particular became a favorite, and we embellished it with hemlock cones and acorns. The acorns, from oak trees, are not available on our property, but we easily sourced them elsewhere. We began experimenting with paint. Cones wreaths in a variety of colors with acorns painted gold or silver began to adorn our wall space. We learned not to leave the cones too long in the oven (they will burn), or to layer them too deep to dry (they will mold). And we learned not to leave painted acorns on the outdoor workbench the day I looked up from my desk to see a blue jay with a golden acorn in his beak. I ran out to discover that more than half my 30 painted acorns were missing.

The cone wreaths went up in the Etsy store as well, and within a few weeks, during the Christmas holidays, we made some sales. The interest in our own creations was an unexpected development, but we continue to get some interest in the bulk craft supplies as well, so we keep both options open.

This little business enterprise is barely out of the “hobby” stage, very much in infancy, but we’ve noted several encouraging changes for rural entrepreneurs since the long-ago time when we collected seed-cones to sell to the local timber company, or cascara bark at the local feed store. While the traditional marketing avenues for our type of product include friends and family, craft shows, our farmers’ market, and an art and craft consignment store, new ways of reaching markets have developed that increase our chances of reaching customers. We sold our boughs through OWC, for example, rather than having to find our own buyers.

However, the real game changer is the internet.  Not only do we sell mostly online, we are learning to use various social media to create interest in both our craft supplies and our creations. We have a Facebook page, and have made use of Facebook ads. For arts and crafts, Pinterest is ideal and has produced the best results, leading to a very discernable jump in visitors to our Etsy store. There is, admittedly, a learning curve on how to best market online, the use of social media, photography and other skills, but the potential for reaching the customers seeking your unique forest product is very encouraging, and sometimes surprising. I found a lot of interest in our rustic décor items coming from New York City. In fact, my first sale was to New York, a demographic not easily accessible from rural Oregon without the internet.

Whether this will be a lucrative business remains to be seen, but so far it has been a lot of fun, both exploring the farm for potential craft materials and inventing new ways to use them, ways that potentially may bring a bit of our wild forestland to far-off urban dwellers. And that seems worth doing.

By Susan Schmidlin
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By cutting dry wood, logs that have been aged through the winter, spring and some summer months, we are able to avoid a lot of the drying and curing process since nature has done most of that work already. We purchased the gas-powered splitter from OWC because members get a discount from regular retail. Using the Super Split, we are able to easily move the splitter from one area of cut wood chunks to another or into the barn where we bring the wood to it during wet weather.
Our property is farm and forestland, the firewood business is not a full time project. We fit in the different processes of the firewood project just like the way we utilize a small section of each of the three barns, in increments and out of the way of cows, hay storage and large equipment. One barn is for splitting the chunks and loading the cribs, another is for storage of filled cribs for drying and curing, and the third barn is for the actual bundling process.

With the wood split into manageable pieces, dried to be below 18% moisture and moved to the third barn, we begin the bundling. I had the pleasure to practice with some of the Co-op members to get the hang of wrapping. Stacking the pieces of wood into a metal cradle so that the bundle ends up firmly wrapped is a skill that is acquired easily if first shown then practiced. We borrowed a Twister from a member for our first cord of firewood until we decided to purchase our own when we realized that the process by hand was way too cumbersome and the outcome was not a quality, firm bundle.

We purchased the Twister machine also from the OWC used, from a member who didn’t need it anymore. The wrap is also purchased through the Cooperative at much better prices than one can get retail. This machine is electric powered which is why we bundle our wood in the one barn that has electricity.
Here is a great hint for anyone who is trying to bundle firewood. To protect my hands from splinters, I use fabric gloves  that have a faux-leather palm. The leather lets me grasp the wrap easily and hold the bundle firm as the arm swings the wrap around and around while the fabric makes it easy to smoothly extract my hand from under the wrap without stopping the machine’s flow. My preferred brand of choice is digz Planter gloves and I found these at my local Bi-Mart store, the fairly thin fabric and leather is best to have the dexterity needed to manipulate the fragile wrap. I keep one pair by the wrapper to be used strictly during bundling process.
By setting the crib of firewood close by with several containers of varying sizes of smaller pieces, one person could load and wrap bundles easily. Most of the time, we are out in the barn as a family so one person can fit wood pieces into a cradle while another slips a filled cradle through the arms of the wrapper to pull the empty cradle away before labeling and wrapping the bundle. A third person pulls the wrapped bundle off the Twister to stack them neatly onto a pallet.
For demonstration, this procedure is how I do the bundling when I am stacking the wood into place and wrapping by myself. The wrap is slipped onto the wrapping arm and bolted into place. The tightness of the bolt is how the tension is controlled. If the bolt is too tight, the wrap will break instead of going around the bundle four times. If it is too loose, the bundle will not be wrapped firm and will fall apart easily.
Wood is stacked into the cradle, in this case I am showing kindling that is needed for the firewood order this particular week. The wood is stacked tightly, I like to jostle it a bit and tamp it down to make sure there are no hidden gaps. The wood is stacked to proper height to get the correct volume amount. For firewood, the pieces are stacked flush to the top of the cradle arms, for kindling the wood is stacked to one inch below the top and with a flat top surface.

The wrap film is unwrapped a couple of feet and tucked around the top of the wood. A foot pedal at the base of the Twister is used to power the swinging arm with wrap. The arm swings clockwise around the bundle. I use my gloved hands to hold the pieces in place as the arm swings the wrap around. I prefer to get one full rotation of wrap around the bundle before placing the OWC label on the top of the wood  so I can let the arm rotate three more times before cutting off wrap and smoothing down the edges.
This bundle did not get squared correctly in the cradle. The end result was a more rounded bundle that does not sit flat. It would not stack well on the pallet, in the pickup for delivery or in the store with the other bundles. This bundle was taken apart, re-stacked and re-wrapped for that professional look that is needed for the customers.

Stay tuned for the next in the series of So You Think You Can Wood.​

https://schmidlinangusfarms.com/sytycw-story-4-bundling/#more-8659

By Susan Schmidlin

We begin in the woods. Unlike clear-cuts that make huge gaps in the landscape, we selectively thin out trees that are too thick, sick, dying or are broken to let the rest of the trees grow to their potential. Our stand of timber does not decrease in mass board feet each year from this process and in some years, where we do not do much logging, actually increases in volume. We are also planting new seedlings each year with the expectation of 50 to 100 years from now having the forest land can continue with our set protocol.

Trees with limbs removed are hauled down the hill to the landing at the base of the hill. The log deck can be as big as a log truck load of logs and much longer in length. Since we have the outdoor space available, we like to let the deck of trees stay piled up in a deck until the next year, to begin and if possible, to complete the drying/curing process.

We have cut both dry and green wood for our firewood project and have found that it is much easier to track the progress of wood that is already dry and cured rather than the extra step of recording dates along with moisture content. On those rare occasions during the winter time when the drying process is not proceeding quickly enough, we have had to move the split wood into the heated garage and set up fans and de-humidifiers to dry out excess moisture but we prefer not to have to go to all that work.

The tools for cutting the wood are simple. A good chain saw with sharp chain and a way to mark where to cut each length of wood to assure each piece is 16 inches. We prefer to use good old chalk to mark the wood rather than using commercial pencils that have a oil or wax base with coloring because of the marks it leaves on the wood. Chalk dissipates easily and doesn't leave a residue. A retractable tape measure with 16 inch increments highlighted in bold red so I can see it easily is handy because the metal tab at the tip sits securely on the end of the log and eight feet of log can be marked quickly and efficiently by one person.

I prefer to mark enough logs at one time to keep the saw busy for a full tank full of gas (about a half hour). This saves on time and cranking energy during the saw starting process. I find that I can cut nearly a quarter of a cord a wood at a time by using this technique. I also try to remove any knots or partial knots that were left on the logs during the cutting (any that I miss can be removed during the splitting procedure).

After the wood is cut into the 16 inch lengths it needs to be split into sizes acceptable for bundles. This is where the Super Split that we purchased from OWC comes in handy. 4 inches and smaller is the guide on this and I like to have a couple of pieces of this size mixed in with smaller sizes to make the wood stackable into square bundles. Once the wood is split, we stack it into cribs to keep it clean, moveable and easy to grab from while processing into bundles.

Our barn space is limited to small areas in three different barns so the moveable cribs make it easy to tractor a crib from the splitting barn to the drying barn then out to the bundling barn for each of the processes. We use a moisture meter to check the dryness of the wood pieces by sticking the probes into the wood on the end to get a sense how the wood is doing. To get an accurate reading, the wood will be split and the moisture content in the center of the wood is checked. A moisture meter can be purchased at most hardware/tool/logging shops, the one I use is Pittsburgh brand and is a small, easy use tool to assure quality cured wood.

The homemade cribs are a creation that Mike came up with using a standard wood pallet for a base so the forks of the front loader fit nicely. Each crib holds a half cord of split firewood capable of making about 70 bundles of finished firewood. We started off our firewood project with eight cribs and assumed that we would continue to fill them back up with split wood as we worked the wood into bundles.

Stay tuned for the next installment in the Series, So You Think You Can Wood
https://schmidlinangusfarms.com/wood-3/#more-8639

By Susan Schmidlin

Our forest is  80 acres of predominantly Douglas Fir with some White Fir, Cedar, hemlock and spruce is mixed in, large leaf maple, and wild cherry with thickets of wild hazelnuts and vine maple. A logging operation by Sunset Logging in the 1920's had cut much of the large wood and hauled off the property by a temporary railroad placed on the far west end of the place. Shortly after the logging, a fire nearly cleared the hillside and decimated most of the remaining trees, these were trees that had been too small for the logging operation. The stand of timber that is currently on the hill has been from natural regeneration from the few trees that survived the fire. The property owners used the woods for poles to build the barns for the cattle they ran on the lower/flatter ground along the river. They harvested wood for fuel to heat the houses on the property. They used open-range grazing on the property, and for many miles around, so the cattle managed natural brush control and to lessen fire danger.

We purchased the farm in the 1970's. The overview of our tree management strategy has remained constant over the years. Clear out dead, dying, damaged trees from the woods. Clean up debris by creating piles of limbs and rotting wood for small creature habitat. Remove salvageable timber each year. Create access with skid roads throughout the acreage. Replant areas that need to be filled in.

Mike has been in charge of the forest part of our property and has done all the work in the woods. We knew that eventually we needed to do what is referred to as a pre-commercial thinning, one that takes out selected trees in a section to free up the space needed for the remaining trees to flourish to their potential. The damaging storm forced us to get help with the monumental task that compounded the need for thinning with the need to clean up the amount of unproductive dead and dying trees. Replanting  more than we harvest has always been a yearly task and some of the trees that were damaged during the storm were some of the first trees that we planted.

With knowing the history of the forest and working in it, we assessed how much wood we would have after the 2018 summer season of logging was finished.

By the time we had moved all the wood down out of the woods and into piles in the flat ground of the landing, we figured we had about three log truck loads of timber that could be made into firewood. That measures out to about 30 cord of wood. Looking forward, we were anticipating several more years of thinning that would lead to the same volume levels of logs that would make good firewood.
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In the past we had sold firewood by 5 cord lots in the old farm truck. That truck is no longer road worthy so that idea was out. The pickup could carry a cord at a time but we would need to build racks in order to do so, and we would have to advertise, take and deliver orders. By deciding to sell our firewood in bundles through the OWC, the Co-Op is in charge of the orders to local grocery stores and we deliver on a set schedule. We decided to go with bundles.

By Karen Karger

In 1992, while looking for a small acreage on which to live and raise a horse or two, Sandy and Lyal Purinton stumbled across 41 acres of severely over-cut forest with a run-down farm house. Reminding Sandy of her childhood home, the purchase of the property was inevitable. The first few years were spent reforesting the property and making the house livable. The farm has grown over the years and now encompasses 120 acres. With the help of their sons, Justin and Collin, the farm has been managed with a desire to create a sustainable forest that will provide wildlife habitat and a legacy for their grandchildren.

Lyal has belonged to OWC for over ten years and has always appreciated having access to consultants and other knowledgeable individuals who provide forest management skills to help new members. The OWC is now a distributor for practical forest tools from LogRite® and SuperSplitter® and offers a substantial discount for members.

Lyal runs a custom sawmill business and sells firewood through the OWC. "Now that the kids are grown, it's often a one-man operation," says Lyal, "so finding tools and equipment that can make the process more efficient is really important." For example, a log arch enables Lyal to haul larger logs- up to 4 feet in diameter- with a tractor. "With the log arch I can pick up the front end of a log and pull it straight through the woods. It takes less power, the log is more stable, and it doesn't drag the log through the dirt, which would dull my saw. When I have clean logs, I can cut all day- otherwise I have to sharpen every couple of hours." LogRite also has smaller arches that can be pulled by an ATV or by hand.

Lyal also uses a LogRite peavey and hookaroon to speed his operations. 'The peavey has a longer handle and is made of lighter but stronger aluminum so I can throw bigger logs around on the sawmill. Something about the angle on the hook makes it bite better than any other peavey I've used -just one whack and it's solid. With the hookaroon, I can reach out and grab a board on the sawmill and pull it toward me. I can pull rounds of firewood to the splitter, too. It saves me miles by not having to walk around my equipment all the time."

Lyal uses a gas-powered SuperSplit kinetic splitter to process logs for the firewood business and his family's personal use. "The SuperSplit works at least three to four times faster than a hydraulic splitter," remarks Lyal. "The wide work table holds the split wood and the pusher clears it into the bin, which means I don't have to manually pick it all up and move it. That saves me a lot of time." Lyal says the SuperSplit is remarkably frugal on gas, too. "I can split two and a half to three cords of wood on a tank full of gas," he adds, "and that's only three quarters of a gallon." An electric version of the SuperSplit is also available.

"I like that all of this equipment is made in the U.S., too," says Lyal in conclusion.
​
(Originally published in Forest Forum, newsletter of Washington Co. Small Woodlands Assoc.) 

The following story was recently posted on the Northwest Natural Resource Group blog. For the full text of the blog including a story on tapping big leaf maple trees, click here.

Lynn Baker and her partner Eve Lonnquist are members of the Oregon Woodland Co-Op, a group of over 70 private family forestland owners in Oregon. They’ve been selling bundled firewood through the Co-op since 2012.

Lynn and Eve, along with Eve’s brothers, steward Cedar Row Farm—a 160-acre forest nestled in the Nehalem River foothills. The forest was purchased by Eve’s grandmother in 1919. Now, the family is returning their stretch of the Nehalem floodplain back to shade-providing conifers as part of a Natural Resources Conservation Service project.  

The firewood comes from Cedar Row Farm’s thinning projects and fallen trees from snow and wind storms. It’s turned into three types of firewood bundles: “Regular,” which is a mix of fir, alder, and hardwoods; “Kindling,” which is smaller pieces of cedar and fir; and “Premium,” which is a mix of hardwoods including oak, maple, and cherry.

Lynn handles all of the firewood orders. Right now, about 20 grocery and hardware stores are stocking their bundles. Their vendors include New Seasons, Green Zebra, Gaston Market, and some Ace Hardware stores. 8.5% of the wholesale price of the firewood goes to the co-op for management and marketing, and the rest is passed on to the farmer. The regular bundle retails for about $7.

“Our customers really like our firewood,” Lynn says. “If you look at our bundles next to other bundles, it’s really beautiful, high-quality product.” The quality of the wood isn’t the only attractant: the label on the bundle explains that Cedar Row Farm is certified through NNRG’s FSC© group certificate, which sets it apart from most firewood sold at grocery stores as being from a responsibly-managed forest. The label also includes the story of the farm, so buyers know exactly where the wood comes from, how it’s harvested, and who manages the forest.  

These humble chords of wood represent a win-win-win situation: wood buyers feel good about the responsibly sourced and hyper-local wood warming their homes and camp fires, Eve & Lynn take home around $7000 a year in profit, and their stewardship of the forest balances the multiple goals of recreation, income from timber harvest, and wildlife habitat in their forest. 
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A full list of stores carrying Eve and Lynn’s firewood is available here. Eve & Lynn also sell chiminea firewood, available through Little Baja. Other products sold through Oregon Woodland Co-op include evergreen boughs, Canopy Essential Oils (created by another NNRG member, Jim Merzenich of Oak Basin Tree Farm, and Co-op members Neil Schroeder and Richard Hanschu at Oregon Forest Canopy) and Oregon Heartwood. 

​The Stewart family will host the 2019 OWC Annual Meeting at their Raincloud Tree Farm south of Sandy, Oregon on Saturday, April 13. All OWC members and others interested in joining OWC are welcome to attend.
 
Program Highlights

• Carbon Sequestration. What it means for small woodland owners
• Truffle hunting demonstration
• Agroforestry
• SuperSplit and Logrite equipment demonstrations
• Business meeting over lunch.

 
Raincloud Tree Farm
Raincloud tree farm has been in the Stewart family for over a century.  It was first homesteaded in 1889.  It has been managed by Jon Stewart since 1973 utilizing a series of three carefully developed management plans.  Over the past 63 years, the family has harvested over 2.6 million board feet from the 120 acre parcel. They currently have over 3.3 million board feet of timber growing on the tree farm.  It consists of a variety of species including Douglas fir, western red cedar, western hemlock, broadleaf maple and red alder that range from four to 104 years in age. 
 
Relatively level, the tree farm is located on the Aims plateau above the Bull Run Watershed.  It receives approximately 120 inches (or ten feet) of rainfall a year and is drained by two year round fish bearing streams.   There are two family homes and a small log cabin on the property.  They and the tree farm's timber stands are accessed by an all-weather road.  
 
Most importantly, Raincloud is the first small woodland property in the nation to be certified for carbon sequestration payments under California's new cap and trade legislation.  Its owners are currently developing a new management plan in cooperation with the Pinchot Institute and Ecotrust to integrate carbon storage into its long term management objectives.
 
Potluck Lunch
We will enjoy a potluck lunch at Noon. Please bring a generous side dish, salad or dessert to share. OWC will provide pulled pork sandwiches for the main course.
 
Directions
The property can be reached either via I-84 or Hwy. 26. The distance from Highway 26 in Sandy is approximately 7 miles. From the I-84 exit, it’s about 15 miles. For folks coming from Washington County or downtown Portland, the route via I-84 is faster. See the Google map link here https://goo.gl/maps/KfA4ETEFnM42
 
From I-84
Take Exit 18 Delta Park immediately after crossing the Sandy River
Turn S on Historic Columbia River Hwy.
Turn R on SE Hurlburt Rd
Turn R on SE Gordon Creek Rd. It becomes SE Bull Run Rd
Turn L on SE Warriner Rd
Look for the Tree Farm sign on right.
​Then continue a short way before turning left at the driveway immediately after the entrance to our tree farm. 
 
From Hwy 26
At the east end of Sandy, turn L on SE Ten Eyck Rd
Cross the Sandy River
Turn R at the fork with Marmot Rd
Turn L to continue on Ten Eyck Rd
Turn R on Bull Run Rd
Keep L at next fork to continue on Bull Run
Cross the Bull Run River
At T intersection, turn R on Bull Run Rd
Keep straight. It becomes SE Warriner Rd
Look for the Tree Farm sign on right
Then continue a short way before turning left at the driveway immediately after the entrance to our tree farm. 
 
We are hosting the event across the street on a neighbor’s property that has a barn and fields for parking. There will be folks directing arriving visitors.
 
Please join us for what promises to be a most interesting and informative meeting.